Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique used to identify the elemental composition of materials. It involves focusing a high-energy laser pulse onto the surface of a sample, creating a localized plasma. This process can be summarized in the following steps: 1. **Laser Interaction**: A focused laser pulse is directed at the sample material. The intense energy of the laser causes the material to ablate, creating a small volume of plasma.