Sophie Germain (1776-1831) was a French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher known for her contributions to number theory and elasticity. Despite facing significant barriers as a woman in a male-dominated field, she made notable advancements in mathematics. One of her key contributions is in the field of number theory, particularly regarding "Sophie Germain primes," which are prime numbers \( p \) such that \( 2p + 1 \) is also prime.
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