Point groups in three dimensions

Point groups in three dimensions are mathematical groups that describe the symmetry properties of three-dimensional objects. They characterize how an object can be transformed through rotations, reflections, and improper rotations (rotations followed by a reflection). Point groups are particularly important in fields such as crystallography, molecular chemistry, and physics, as they help classify the symmetries of geometric forms. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Symmetry Operations**: These include: - **Rotation**: Turning the object around an axis.