Orbital perturbations

Orbital perturbations refer to the deviations or modifications in the motion of an orbiting body (such as a planet, satellite, or spacecraft) caused by various gravitational influences and non-gravitational factors. In a perfect two-body system, the orbits can be described by conic sections (ellipses, parabolas, or hyperbolas), but in the real universe, several factors can cause perturbations from these ideal trajectories.