One-loop Feynman diagram

A one-loop Feynman diagram is a graphical representation used in quantum field theory to depict the interactions of particles where a single closed loop of virtual particles is involved. Feynman diagrams are a powerful tool for visualizing and calculating scattering amplitudes and other processes in high-energy physics. In a one-loop diagram: - **Vertices** represent the interaction points where particles interact, such as the emission or absorption of particles. - **Lines** represent particles.