Map (higher-order function)

In functional programming, a "map" is a higher-order function that applies a given function to each element of a collection (like a list or an array) and produces a new collection containing the results. The original collection remains unchanged, as map typically adheres to the principles of immutability. ### Key Characteristics of Map: 1. **Higher-Order Function**: Map takes another function as an argument and operates on each element of the collection.