Kaiser effect (material science)

The Kaiser effect is a phenomenon observed in materials science and engineering, specifically in the context of the mechanical behavior of certain materials under loading conditions. It refers to the observation that a material, particularly a rock or a similar brittle material, exhibits a characteristic change in its acoustic emission response when subjected to repeated loading and unloading cycles. When a material is subjected to compressive loading, it may initially emit a certain level of acoustic signals due to micro-cracking and other deformation mechanisms.