Dependency inversion principle

The Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) is one of the five SOLID principles of object-oriented programming and design. It aims to reduce the coupling between high-level modules and low-level modules, promoting a more flexible and maintainable codebase. The principle states: 1. **High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions.** 2. **Abstractions should not depend on details. Details should depend on abstractions.