A Bose gas is a type of quantum gas formed by bosons, which are particles that follow Bose-Einstein statistics. Bosons have integer values of spin (0, 1, 2, etc.), and examples include photons, helium-4 atoms, and molecules such as hydrogen. One of the key characteristics of a Bose gas is that at sufficiently low temperatures, the particles can occupy the same quantum state, leading to a phenomenon known as Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC).
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