Backward-wave oscillator

A Backward-Wave Oscillator (BWO) is a microwave device that generates high-frequency electromagnetic waves, typically in the microwave range. The BWO operates based on the principle of backward wave propagation, which involves electrons interacting with a backward wave in a slow-wave structure. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Backward Waves**: In a BWO, the wave propagates in the opposite direction to the flow of electrons. This unique interaction is vital for the oscillator's operation.