Thermodynamic relations across normal shocks

Thermodynamic relations across normal shocks are essential for understanding the behavior of fluids—specifically, gases—when they experience a sudden change in pressure and density, such as across a shock wave. A normal shock wave is one that is perpendicular to the direction of the flow. When a fluid (often a gas) passes through a normal shock, several key thermodynamic and flow properties change. These changes can be described using the conservation equations and thermodynamic relations.