Maxwell's equations

Maxwell's equations are a set of four fundamental equations in classical electromagnetism that describe how electric and magnetic fields interact and propagate. They form the foundation of electromagnetic theory and are essential for understanding various physical phenomena, from basic electricity and magnetism to light and radio waves.

"A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" is a seminal paper written by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell, published in 1865. In this work, Maxwell formulated what is now known as Maxwell's equations, which describe how electric and magnetic fields interact and propagate through space. Maxwell's contributions unified previously separate laws of electricity and magnetism into a coherent theory, showing that electric fields and magnetic fields are interrelated and can influence each other.

Ampère's circuital law is a fundamental principle in electromagnetism that relates the circulation of the magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through that loop.

Gauss's law is a fundamental principle in electrostatics, part of Maxwell's equations, that relates the electric field generated by a charge distribution to the charge enclosed within a closed surface.

Gauss's law for magnetism is one of the four Maxwell's equations, which are fundamental to electromagnetism. Specifically, Gauss's law for magnetism states that the total magnetic flux passing through a closed surface is zero.

The Lorentz force is the force exerted on a charged particle moving through an electromagnetic field. It is named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz.