Electron pair

An electron pair refers to two electrons that occupy the same quantum orbital within an atom or molecule. Electron pairs can exist in various forms, depending on their involvement in chemical bonding and molecular structure: 1. **Bonding Pairs**: These are pairs of electrons that are involved in covalent bonds between atoms. For example, in a molecule of water (H₂O), the oxygen atom shares electron pairs with the hydrogen atoms, forming bonding pairs.