Creep (deformation)

Creep is a time-dependent deformation of materials that occurs when they are subjected to a constant stress over an extended period. It is a crucial phenomenon in materials science and engineering, particularly for structures and components that experience prolonged loading conditions, such as bridges, buildings, pipelines, and high-temperature applications like turbines and reactors. Creep typically occurs in three stages: 1. **Primary Creep:** This initial stage involves a rapid rate of strain that gradually decreases over time.